Permissible spatial positions during welding

Permissible spatial positions during welding

EN – 60M Welding Electrodes

Electrodes for surfacing
Prices for welding electrodes


    Вид покрытия

    Type of coverage

    Basic.

    Ток и полярность

    Current and polarity

    Direct current of reverse polarity (DC +, “plus” on the electrode).

    Коэффициент наплавки

    Surfacing coefficient

    8.5 – 9.0 g/ah

    Расход электродов

    Consumption of electrodes

    ~ 1.8 – 1.9 kg per 1 kg of deposited metal

    Application Area. EN – 60M Welding Electrodes.

    EN-60M are surfacing electrodes for hardening and restoration of rapidly wearing parts operating under conditions of increased loads and temperatures:
    • Die tooling: surfacing of all types of dies (punches, matrices) for cold and hot forging, operating with heating of contact surfaces up to 400°C
    • Machine tool equipment: surfacing of guides, eccentrics, gears and other rapidly wearing parts
    • Repair of parts: restoration of products made of structural and alloy steels with a carbon content of more than 0.3%, as well as cast iron
    • Railway transport: hardening of working elements of dies at repair plants

    Welding Technique. EN – 60M Welding Electrodes.

    Surfacing should be performed with direct current of reverse polarity in the flat or semi-vertical position with narrow beads, with preheating of the workpiece to a temperature of 300–400°C.

    The deposited metal is prone to crack formation when working with steel with a carbon content of more than 0.3%, therefore mandatory preheating and slow cooling of the part after surfacing (in sand, asbestos, or a furnace) are required.

    Regulatory Documents. EN – 60M Welding Electrodes.

    GOST 9466-75, GOST 9467-75.

    Main Weldable Materials. EN – 60M Welding Electrodes.

    Surfacing and restoration of dies, matrices, punches for hot forming (up to 400°C), as well as rapidly wearing parts of machine tool equipment made of tool steels.

    Special Properties. EN – 60M Welding Electrodes.

    • High wear resistance during cold forming
    • Very low spatter
    • Extremely low susceptibility to cracking
    • After surfacing — abrasive machining; after heat treatment — cutting with a cutter

    Chemical Composition of Deposited Metal, %

    C Si Mn P S Cr Ti Mo
    Minimum 0.50 0.80 0.40 <0.035 <0.030 2.30 up to 0.30 0.30
    Maximum 0.90 1.20 1.00 <0.035 <0.030 3.20 up to 0.30 0.70

     

    Welding Recommendations (Current, A)

    Diameter, mm Weld Position
    Flat Vertical Overhead
    4.0 120-160
    5.0 140-200

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    • Нижнее горизонтальное или в лодочку Bottom horizontal or in a boat
    • Нижнее в угол Bottom to the corner
    • Горизонтальный шов на вертикальной плоскости Horizontal seam on a vertical plane
    • Вертикальный шов на подъем Vertical seam for lifting
    • Вертикальный шов на спуск Vertical seam for descent
    • Потолочный шов Ceiling seam

    All covered electrodes are sensitive to moisture absorption. Excessive moisture content in the coating can lead to porosity or hydrogen cracking.

    However, if the climatic storage conditions meet the following requirements, moisture absorption by the electrodes is minimal:

    • 5–15°C at a maximum relative humidity of 60%

    • 15–25°C at a maximum relative humidity of 50%

    • >25°C at a maximum relative humidity of 40%

    At lower temperatures, maintaining the storage temperature 10°C above the ambient temperature is sufficient to achieve the required moisture content level. Cold packages must be allowed to warm up to ambient temperature before opening.

    At higher temperatures, the required moisture content in the air can be achieved by dehumidification. The shelf life of electrodes under the above conditions shall not exceed three years.

    • Covered electrodes with a basic coating and low hydrogen content must be baked prior to each use whenever requirements regarding the content of diffusible hydrogen and/or the soundness of the deposited metal are specified.

    • Stainless steel electrodes with a basic coating may produce porosity during welding if the humidity levels during their storage did not meet the requirements. To restore their original properties, they also need to be baked.

    • Electrodes for welding carbon steels with a cellulosic or rutile coating typically do not require baking.

    • Electrodes that have suffered serious damage due to exposure to moisture cannot be restored by rebaking and must be rejected.

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